The bonuses from armours etc. adds bonus chance to crit. I'm not 100% sure of the value = percentage ratio but I'm sure someone else can post that information.
There is a buff to critical damage via the Champion Points tree and a Mundas Stone.
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The basic "Spell critical (rating)" bonus on most magicka sets increases your critical chance, considering that 2191 critical rating is 10% extra critical chance for a cp160 character.
To increase critical damage, however, you'll need to have a look at Minor / Major Force, CPs, class passives (nightblade & templar) or Mundus stone (Shadow).
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templar passives? i am a templar where is the passives shown at?
For Templars it is the Piercing Spear passive in the Aedric Spear line:
Piercing Spear II: Increases your Critical Damage done and your damage against blocking targets by 10% while you have an Aedric Spear ability slotted.
Items like the Mother's Sorrow set say "Adds 648 Spell Critical" which means it adds to your spell critical chance. In this example this is 3% (648/219 = 3).